Nhau - Kutevedzera LFGB neFDA yemidziyo yekicheni yemapuranga: Miganhu yeFormaldehyde Migration, Kuedza Kutama kweCoating, uye Rondedzero yeMagwaro

LFGB neFDA ndiwo maitiro maviri makuru ekutonga midziyo yekubikira yemapuranga mumisika yeEurope neUS.
Kutama kweFormaldehyde kubva pamapuranga ekucheka emapuranga hakufanirwe kudarika 15 mg/kg pasi pemitemo yekuyedzwa kweEU.
Miedzo yekutama kwezvokupfeka inoyera kufamba kwese kwese (10 mg/dm2 EU muganho) uye kufamba kwechinhu chaicho.
Vanotenga zvinhu kunze kwenyika vanoda magwaro manomwe akakosha: mapepa ekuchengetedza zvinhu, mishumo yebvunzo, DoC, chitupa cheFSC, GMP audit, specs, uye mishumo yezvinwiwa zvakarambidzwa.
Kuvandudzwa kwegore negore kwekuyedzwa kunokurudzirwa kunyangwe pasina shanduko dzechigadzirwa kuti zvirambe zviripo maererano nemitemo iri kuchinja.
Chitupa cheFSC chinotsigira asi hachitsivi kuyedzwa kwekutevedzera mitemo yekubata chikafu.

Zviri Mukati

Mamiriro Ezvinhu Zvekubikira Zvemapuranga

Tinobatsira vanotenga zvinhu kubva kunze kwenyika kuti vafambe nemidziyo yekubikira yematanda neyebamboo muEU kana kuti kuUnited States kunoda kuti tifambe nemitemo yekubata chikafu yakasiyana pakati pemisika. Kune vanotenga zvinhu kubva kumakambani edu ekugadzira, kunzwisisa zvinodiwa izvi ndiyo hwaro hwehurongwa hwekutengesa zvinhu kubva kunze kwenyika hunoshanda. Kusatevedzera mitemo kamwe chete kunogona kukonzera kudzoserwa kwemidziyo uye kukuvara kwemukurumbira kwenguva refu.

Tinoshandisa nzira mbiri huru dzinotonga midziyo yekubikira yemapuranga: LFGB neEU Regulation 1935/2004 muEurope, uye mitemo yeFDA iri pasi pe21 CFR muUnited States. Kunyange zvazvo zvese zviri zviviri zvichiona kuti zvinhu zvinobata chikafu hazvitumire zvinhu zvinokuvadza, zvakasiyana munzira dzekuyedza, miganhu, uye kusimbiswa kwemutemo. Takavaka yeduchitupa chemidziyo yekicheni isina chikafupurogiramu yekusangana zvese panguva imwe chete.

Chinyorwa chedu chinotaura nezvemiganhu yekutama kwe formaldehyde, bvunzo dzekutama kwekufukidza, uye runyorwa rwezvinyorwa zvevanotenga kunze kwenyika.

Bhodhi rekucheka matanda ebamboo rakasimbiswa kuti harina chekudya chakawanda uye kuti rinotevedzera mitemo yeLFGB neFDA.

Bhodhi rekucheka remabamboo rakagadzirwa kuti rienderane nezvinodiwa neLFGB neFDA zvekushandisa pakubata chikafu.

Chimiro cheLFGB: Muyero weGoridhe weGermany weKutaurirana Kwezvekudya

LFGB (Lebensmittel- und Futtermittelgesetzbuch) ndiyo German Food and Feed Code yedu. Yave ndiyo standard yeEU nekuti Germany ndiyo musika mukuru wevatengi uye zvinodiwa neLFGB zvakaomesesa kupfuura zvinodiwa neEU yese. Zvigadzirwa zvinopasa bvunzo dzeLFGB zvinogona kutengeswa munyika dzese dziri nhengo dzeEU.

Chikwata chedu chinoona kuti batch yega yega inosangana nezvinodiwa zvedu isati yatumirwa.

Muganho Wekutama Kwese

Chinhu chikuru chekuongorora kusangana kwechikafu cheLFGB ndicho muganho wedu wekufamba, uyo unovhara huwandu hwezvinhu zvinogona kufamba kubva pane zvinosangana nechikafu kuenda kune zvinosanganisa chikafu kana zvekudya pa10 mg/dm2. Muganho uyu unoshanda kune zvese zvinosangana nechikafu zvisinei nekuti zvakagadzirwa sei, kusanganisira huni, bamboo, mapurasitiki, simbi, uye ceramics. Pamidziyo yekicheni yemapuranga, kuyedzwa kwekufamba kwese kunoitwa uchishandisa zvinosanganisa chikafu zvakatsanangurwa muMutemo weEU 1935/2004, kusanganisira mvura yakasanganiswa, 3% acetic acid solution, 10% ethanol solution, uye mafuta emuorivhi, zvichienderana nerudzi rwechikafu chinoda kubatwa nechikafu chacho.

Tinoita ongororo yezvinonzwa panzvimbo yedu tisati tatumira kunze kwenyika.

Kuongorora Kunzwa

Chinhu chakasiyana chekuyedzwa kweLFGB chinodiwa pakuongorora kunzwa, icho chinoedza kana chigadzirwa chacho chichipa chero hwema husina kujairika kana kuravira kuchikafu. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha pamidziyo yekicheni yemapuranga, sezvo huni dzechisikigo nebamboo zvichigona kuburitsa makemikari anoshanduka-shanduka anokanganisa hunhu hwechikafu. Zvigadzirwa zvinopasa bvunzo dzekufambisa kwemakemikari asi zvikakundikana kuongororwa kwemanzwiro hazvigone kugamuchira chitupa cheLFGB. Maitiro edu ekugadzira anosanganisira danho rekuomesa nekurapa rinodzorwa rinoderedza makemikari anoshanduka-shanduka akasara muchikafu chedu.Zvigadzirwa zvemabamboo zvakabvumidzwa neFSC, tichiona kushanda zvakanaka kwezvigadzirwa zvedu.

Zvinodiwa neFDA: 21 CFR uye Zviziviso zveKubata Nechikafu

MuUS, zvinhu zvekubata chikafu zvinotongwa pasi peFederal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, ine mitemo chaiyo muZvikamu 21 zveCFR 175 kusvika 178Kusiyana nemuganhu weEU wekutama kwevanhu, FDA inoongorora zvinhu zvese zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu, ichifunga nezvezvinhu zviripo, mhando dzezvekudya, uye mamiriro ekushandiswa.

Chikwata chedu chinotevedzera mitemo chinotevedzera zvinodiwa neFDA pazvigadzirwa zvedu.

21 CFR 175.300: Mapeti eResinous nePolymeric

Pamidziyo yedu yekubikira yemapuranga ine machira, 21 CFR 175.300 inoisa miganhu yekuburitsa zvinhu mumhando dzakasiyana dzechikafu. Machira edu emvura pazvigadzirwa zvedu anozadzisa miganhu iyi mumhando dzese dzechikafu.

Kazhinji Inozivikanwa Senzvimbo Yakachengeteka (GRAS)

Matanda nebamboo zvazvagara zviri zvechisikigo zvinowanzoonekwa sezvakachengeteka pakudya uye hazvidi mvumo chaiyo yeFDA isati yatengeswa. Zvisinei, mamiriro aya eGRAS anoshanda chete kune zvinhu zvedu zvekugadzira. Kana manamati, mapendi, mapendi, kana mamwe marapirwo ashandiswa, chigadzirwa chedu chapera chinofanira kuongororwa kuti chinoenderana nemitemo yedu inoshanda ye21 CFR.Zvishandiso zvekudya zveFDA uye kurongedzaChikamu chinopa gwaro rekutungamira rinobatsira vanopinza zvinhu kunze kwenyika kuona kuti ndeipi mitemo inoshanda kune zvigadzirwa zvavo. Vanotumira zvinhu kunze kwenyika kumusika weUS vanofanirwa kukumbira mishumo yekuyedzwa kubva kumarabhoritari ane mvumo inotarisa zvakananga zvinodiwa zveCFR makumi maviri nerimwe zvinoshanda pakuumbwa kwezvinhu zvechigadzirwa chavo uye kushandiswa kwacho.

Miganhu Yekutama kweFormaldehyde: Nhamba Dzinokosha

Formaldehyde inotariswa zvakanyanya mukutevedzera mitemo yemidziyo yekicheni yemapuranga nekuti inogona kuwanikwa mumaglues, coatings, uye sechinhu chinowanikwa mune mamwe marudzi emiti. Vatongi veEU neUS vese vakaisa miganhu yakasimba yekutama.

Hurongwa hweMitemo	Muganho weKutama kweFormaldehyde	Mwero weKuedza	Chikafu Chinofanana
Mutemo weEU 1935/2004	15 mg/kg chinhu chinosanganisa chikafu	EN 1186 nhevedzano	Mvura, 3% acetic acid
LFGB yeGerman (BfR)	15 mg/kg (mamwe mapoka ari pasi)	DIN EN 1186 / LMBG B 82.10	Mvura, 3% acetic acid
FDA 21 CFR	Kuongororwa kwenyaya imwe neimwe	Maitiro eASTM / FDA	Zvinosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwechikafu
China GB 4806	15 mg/kg (yemushenjere/huni)	GB 31604.48	4% acetic acid

Muganho wekufamba kweEU formaldehyde we15 mg/kg unoshanda kana chigadzirwa chikaedzwa uchishandisa simulants dzechikafu dzakataurwa muMutemo weEU 1935/2004uye mamiriro edu ekuyedza akatsanangurwa muEN 1186 series. Pazvigadzirwa zvakagadzirirwa kushandiswa nemhando dzese dzezvekudya, kuyedza kunowanzoitwa nemidziyo yemvura nemafuta yekudya kuti ifukidze huwandu hwese hwezviitiko zvinogona kusangana nechikafu.Sangano reGerman Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR)inopa mamwe mafungiro esainzi uye mazano anowanzo tsanangura dudziro dzakachengeteka dzemiganhu iyi.

Pamabhodhi ekucheka emubamboo, njodzi ye formaldehyde inonyanya kubva kune namati inoshandiswa mu lamination, kwete kubva muzvinhu zvemubamboo pachazvo. Kushandisa manamati emhando yepamusoro kunobvisa njodzi iyi kubva kwainobva.

Kuedza Kufambisa Kwekuputira Kwezvigadzirwa Zvakachekwa uye Zvakaputirwa

Zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvemidziyo yekicheni yemapuranga zvinowana machira epamusoro kuti zviwedzere kutaridzika uye kugara kwenguva refu. Machira aya anowedzera zvimwe zvinodiwa pakutevedzera mitemo senzira inogona kukonzera kufamba kwemakemikari.

Tinoedza zvigadzirwa zvedu zvakaputirwa tichishandisa maitiro akajairwa.

Kuedzwa kweEU Coating Migration

MuEU, midziyo yekubikira yemapuranga yakaputirwa inofanira kuongororwa kuti ionekwe kuti inofamba sei zvichienderana neEN 1186-1, iyo inotsanangura nzira dzekuyedza, simulants, uye mamiriro. Muganho wekufamba we10 mg/dm2 unoshanda kune huwandu hwese hwezvinhu zvinotama kubva pamusoro pechifukidziro. Pamusoro pekufamba kwese, kuyedzwa kwakananga kwekufamba kunodiwa kune zvinhu zvine miganhu yekufamba yega, senge formaldehyde, heavy metals (lead, cadmium, chromium), uye primary aromatic amines.Zvigadzirwa zvevatengi veIntertekDhipatimendi nemamwe marabhoritari ane mvumo vanoita bvunzo idzi vachishandisa maitiro akajairwa anovimbisa kuti mhedzisiro inogona kudzokororwa uye kuenzaniswa.

Kuedzwa kweFDA Coating Extractives

Pasi peFDA 21 CFR 175.300, machira anoedzwa kuti aonekwe seanoshandisa zvinonyungudutsa chikafu zvakakodzera kushandiswa kwechigadzirwa chedu. Miganhu yekuburitsa inosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwechikafu: mvura yakanyungudutswa yezvikafu zvemvura, 8% ethanol yezvikafu zvine doro, uye n-heptane kana zvimwe zvinosanganisa chikafu chine mafuta. Mamiriro ekuyedza, kusanganisira tembiricha uye nguva, anotsanangurwa zvichienderana nemamiriro ekushandiswa kwechigadzirwa. Kune mapuranga ekucheka anogona kushandiswa nezvikafu zvinopisa, kuyedza pakupisa kwakakwira kunodiwa. Machira edu ega ega anogadzirwa uye anoedzwa kuti asangane nemiganhu yedu yakaoma yekuburitsa muzvikamu zvese zvechikafu, zvichiona kuti zvigadzirwa zvedu zvinotevedzera mitemo pasinei nekushandiswa kwazvo. Vatengesi vedu vanogona kukumbira yedumagwaro ekutevedzera mitemokune mitsara chaiyo yechigadzirwa.

Rondedzero yeMagwaro eVanotenga Zvinhu muEU neUS

Vatengesi vezvinhu vanotenga zvinhu kunze kwenyika vane mutoro wepamutemo wekuona kuti midziyo yekubikira yemapuranga yavanounza kumusika weEU kana US inoenderana nemitemo yese yekushandisa pakubata chikafu. Kuchengetedza magwaro akazara uye aripo kwakakosha pakuratidza kutevedzera mitemo yekutarisira musika uye kudzivirira kubva kuzviito zvinogona kuitwa pakumanikidza.

Magwaro Manomwe Akakosha

Mapepa eData rekuchengetedza Zvinhu (MSDS) ezvese zvinhu zvinosanganisira mhando dzematanda, bambu, manamati, machira, uye magadzirirwo. Magwaro aya anoratidza makemikari echinhu chimwe nechimwe uye chero zvinhu zvine njodzi zviripo.
Mishumo yeMiedzo yeKutama kubva kumarabhoritari akavimbika (LFGB, FDA 21 CFR, kana ese ari maviri), inosanganisira kutama kwese, kutama kweformaldehyde, uye kutama kwakanangana kwezvinhu zvakarambidzwa zvakaonekwa muchikamu chezvinhu.
Chiziviso cheEU cheKutevedzera Mutemo (DoC) chemisika yeEurope, zvichisimbisa kuti chigadzirwa ichi chinoenderana neMutemo 1935/2004 uye chero matanho chaiwo anoshanda. Dhipatimendi reDoC rinofanira kuratidza chigadzirwa, mugadziri, mitemo yedu inoshanda, uye mishumo yekuyedza iyo ziviso yacho yakavakirwa pairi.
Chitupa cheFSC cheChain of Custody kana chigadzirwa chacho chikatengeswa sechinobva nenzira inochengetedza nharaunda. Chitupa chedu cheFSC chinosanganisira zvigadzirwa zvehuni, zvebamboo, uye zvepepa pasi peFSC-STD-40-004 v. 3.0.
Mushumo weOngororo yeFactory unosimbisa kutevedzera tsika dzakanaka dzekugadzira (GMP) sezvakatsanangurwa muEU Regulation 2023/2006. Mushumo uyu unofanirwa kusanganisira maitiro ekugadzira, masisitimu ekudzora mhando, uye maitiro ekutevera.
Mapepa eChigadzirwa ane zvinhu zvakatsanangurwa, saizi, mamiriro ekushandiswa, uye chero ruzivo rwehunyanzvi rwakakodzera. Mapepa aya anoshanda sebhiriji pakati pekugadzirwa kwemugadziri uye zvinyorwa zvekutevedzera mitemo yemutengesi.
Mishumo Yekuyedza Zvinhu Zvakaganhurirwa yesimbi dzinorema, phthalates, azo dyes, nezvimwe zvinhu zvakaganhurirwa pasi peEU REACH, California Proposition 65, kana mimwe mitemo inoshanda mumisika yatinotarirwa nevanotenga zvinhu kunze kwenyika.

Tinochengetedza mapakeji akazara emagwaro ezvigadzirwa zvedu zvese uye tinoagadzirisa gore rega rega kuti aratidze chero shanduko mumitemo kana kuwanikwa kwezvinhu. Chikwata chedu chemhando yepamusoro chinoshanda nema laboratories ane mvumo anosanganisiraBhizinesi reVeritasuye Intertek kuona kuti mishumo yedu yekuyedza inosangana nezvinodiwa nemisika inonyanya kuomerwa.

Kusarudza MaLabhoratori Ekuyedza Akatenderwa

Kuvimbika kwemagwaro ekutevedzera mitemo kunoenderana nekubvumidzwa kwemurabhoritari. Masangano anoongorora musika anopa kukosha kukuru kumishumo inobva kumarabhoritari anozivikanwa pasi rose.

Tinoshanda pamwe chete nemarabhoritari ane mvumo yekupa mishumo yedu yebvunzo.

Zvekutarisa Mumunhu Anoedza Kushanda Naye

Pakusarudza rabhoritari yekuyedza zvinhu zvekubatana nechikafu, vanotenga zvinhu kunze kwenyika vanofanira kuona kuti rabhoritari iyi ine ISO 17025 yekubvumidzwa kwenzira dzekuyedza dzinodiwa, ine ruzivo nechikamu chechigadzirwa chiri kuyedzwa (midziyo yekubikira yemapuranga inoda kugadzirira sampuro dzakasarudzika uye nzira dzekuyedza), inopa mishumo yekuyedza yakajeka uye yakadzama inosanganisira zvese zvinodiwa pakuyedza (simulant, tembiricha, nguva, saizi yesampuro), uye inogona kuburitsa mishumo muchimiro chinogamuchirwa nevatungamiriri vemutemo mumusika wevanotenga zvinhu kunze. Kune zvigadzirwa zvinoitirwa misika yeEU neUS, kusarudza rabhoritari inogona kuburitsa mishumo inosangana nezvinodiwa zveLFGB neFDA muchirongwa chimwe chete chekuyedza kunoderedza mari uye kunoita kuti manejimendi yemagwaro ive nyore.

Dambudziko Rinowanzo sangana Nemitemo Yemutemo uye Maitiro Ekudzivisa

Kunyangwe vanotenga zvinhu kunze kwenyika vane ruzivo vanogona kuwira mumisungo yekutevedzera mitemo inoguma nekunonoka kunodhura, kurambwa kwezvigadzirwa, kana kubviswa kwemusika. Taona matambudziko edu akajairika kuburikidza neruzivo rwedu rwekushandira vanotenga zvinhu kunze kwenyika dzinopfuura makumi matatu.

Chirongwa chedu chemhando yepamusoro chinogadzirisa matambudziko kubva muruzivo rwedu rwekutumira zvinhu kunze kwenyika.

Kuedza Zvinhu Zvisina Kugadzirwa Chete

Tinoona chikanganiso chakajairika: kuyedza huni kana zvinhu zvemushenjere chete pasina kuisa namatidzo yedu, kuputira, uye kupedzisa mumuenzaniso wekuyedza. Kutevedzera kubatwa kwechikafu kunoshanda kune chigadzirwa chedu chapera sezvo chichashandiswa, kwete kune zvinhu zvega zvega. Bhodhi rekucheka rinopasa bvunzo yekufambisa formaldehyde semushenjere usina chinhu rinogona kutadza kana rikaedzwa nenamatidzo nezvikamu zvepajira. Tinoyedza zvigadzirwa zvedu zvapera, kwete zvinhu zvedu zvepajira chete.

Kusateerera Zvinodiwa Nenyika Yacho

Kunyange zvazvo bvunzo dzeLFGB dzichiwanzo zadzisa zvinodiwa nenyika dzese dziri nhengo dzeEU, dzimwe nyika dzine zvimwe zvinodiwa munyika. Semuenzaniso, France ine zvinodiwa zvakananga zvezvinhu zvine chekuita nechikafu zvinopfuura hurongwa hwedu hweEU. Italy neSpain dzinewo zvinhu zvenyika zvinogona kushanda kune mamwe marudzi ezvigadzirwa. Vanotenga kunze kwenyika vanofanira kuferefeta zvatinoda pamusika wega wega pane kufunga kuti kutevedzera mitemo yeEU kwakakwana.

Mishumo Yebvunzo Yekare

Kushandisa mishumo yekuedza ine makore akati wandei kunogona kuva dambudziko kana mugadziri wedu akachinja vatengesi vezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa, maforoma ekunamira, kana masisitimu ekuputira kubva pakaitwa bvunzo. Tinokurudzira kuti vanotenga kunze kwenyika vaone nevatengesi vavo kuti chimiro chechigadzirwa chedu hachina kuchinja kubva pakabudiswa mishumo yekuedza, uye kuti varambe vaine purogiramu yekudzokorora nguva nenguva.

Basa reFSC Certification muCompliance Strategy

Chitupa cheFSC chiri kuramba chichidiwa pamusika muzvitoro zvekuEurope, uko macheni akaita seAldi, Lidl, neCarrefour anozvipira kutenga zvigadzirwa zvinotengeswa nenzira inochengetedza nharaunda. Kunyange zvazvo chisingatarisi zvakananga kuchengetedzeka kwekubatana kwechikafu, FSC inoita basa rakakosha muhurongwa hwese hwekutevedzera mitemo.

YeduChitupa cheFSC Chain of CustodyInovhara kutenga kwedu nekutengesa zvigadzirwa zvematanda, zvebamboo, uye zvemapepa pasi peFSC-STD-40-004 v. 3.0, uye chitupa chedu cheGlobal Recycled Standard (GRS) chinowedzera imwe nhanho yekusimbisa cheni yekugovera. Kune vanotenga kunze kwenyika, zvitupa izvi zvinopa vimbiso yekuti zvinhu zviri muchigadzirwa zvinogona kuteverwa kubva kwazviri, izvo zvinotsigira zvinodiwa zvemagwaro ezvinyorwa zvezvirongwa zveLFGB neFDA. Kusanganiswa kwekuyedzwa kwekuonana kwechikafu uye chitupa chekuchengetedza kunogadzira paki yakazara yekutevedzera mitemo inotarisa zvese kuchengetedzeka uye kunetseka kwezvakatipoteredza.

Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa

Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati peLFGB neFDA yekuyedzwa kwekuonana kwechikafu chemidziyo yemapuranga?

LFGB ndiyo German Food and Feed Code (Lebensmittel- und Futtermittelgesetzbuch), iyo inoisa mimwe yemitemo yakasimba kwazvo yekubata chikafu muEuropean Union. Pamidziyo yekubikira yemapuranga, kuyedzwa kweLFGB kunotarisa pakufamba kweformaldehyde, miganhu yekufamba kwese, uye kuongororwa kwemanzwiro (kunhuhwirira nekutapurirana kwekuravira). Kutevedzera FDA muUnited States kunotongwa neFederal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, ine mitemo chaiyo pasi pe21 CFR Parts 175-178 inosanganisira zvinowedzera zvekudya zvisina kunanga zvinosanganisira machira, manamati, uye mapolymers anogona kubata chikafu. Musiyano mukuru ndewekuti LFGB inoshandisa muganho mumwe chete wekutamisa we10 mg/dm2 wezvinhu zvese zvekubata chikafu, nepo FDA ichiongorora zvinhu zvichienderana nenyaya kuburikidza neFood Contact Notices kana Threshold of Regulation exemptions. Kune vanotumira zvinhu kunze kwenyika vanotumira kumisika yese, tinokurudzira kuyedza tichienzanisa nemazinga eLFGB neFDA panguva imwe chete kudzivirira mari yekuyedza yakapetwa uye kuona kuti zvinotevedzwa munzvimbo dzese dziri mbiri.

Ndeipi miganhu yekutama kwe formaldehyde yemabhodhi ekucheka matanda pasi peLFGB?

Pasi peLFGB uye hurongwa hwakakura hweEU Regulation 1935/2004, kutama kwe formaldehyde kubva mumidziyo yekicheni yematanda hakufanirwe kudarika mwero chaiwo kana ikaedzwa zvichienderana neEN 1186 standards. Pazvinhu zvematanda zvakagadzirirwa kusangana nechikafu, muganho wekufamba kwe formaldehyde unowanzoiswa pa15 mg/kg yechikafu chinosanganisa chikafu, izvo zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa neEU Directive 2023/1435. German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) inopa mamwe mazano anowanzo kuve akaomarara kupfuura zvinodiwa neEU-wide. Pamabhodhi ekucheka ebamboo nematanda, formaldehyde inogona kunge iripo mumaglues anoshandiswa panguva yekuisa lamination kana mumachira epamusoro. Tinoedza mabhodhi edu ese ekucheka tichienzanisa nemiganhu yeEU-wide uye mazano eBfR akaomarara, tichiona kuti zvigadzirwa zvedu zvinosangana nezvinodiwa nemisika yeEurope inonyanya kuomera. Vanotenga kunze kwenyika vanofanira kukumbira mishumo yekuyedzwa kwe formaldehyde inoitiswa nema laboratories akavimbika vachishandisa ma simulants edu chaiwo echikafu anoshanda pakushandiswa kwechigadzirwa chavo.

Mabhodhi ekucheka emubamboo anoda mvumo yeFDA here kuti atengeswe muUnited States?

Mabhodhi ekucheka matanda emubambo haadi mvumo yeFDA isati yatengeswa, asi anofanirwa kutevedzera mitemo yeFDA yezvinhu zvinosangana nechikafu. Pasi pe21 CFR 170.39, zvinhu zvinowanzozivikanwa sezvakachengeteka (GRAS) zvekushandisa pakubata chikafu hazvidi Chiziviso cheKubatana Nechikafu. Zvisinei, mapuranga ekucheka matanda emubambo anoshandisa manamati, machira, kana mafinishi anofanirwa kutevedzera mitemo inoshanda mu21 CFR Parts 175 (zvinowedzera chikafu zvisina kunanga: manamati nezvikamu zvemachira) uye 176 (zvinowedzera chikafu zvisina kunanga: zvikamu zvepepa nepepa). Mutengesi ndiye ane basa rekuona kuti zvinotevedzwa, izvo zvinowanzo sanganisira kuwana mishumo yekuyedza kubva kumarabhoritari ane mvumo inoratidza kuti chigadzirwa hachitumire zvinhu zvinokuvadza kuchikafu mumamiriro ekushandisa akajairika. Tinopa magwaro akazara ekutevedzera mitemo yezvigadzirwa zvedu zvese zvekicheni zvakachengeteka zvekudya zvinotumirwa kumusika weUS, kusanganisira mishumo yekuyedza inotarisa zvinodiwa neFDA 21 CFR.

Ndedzipi bvunzo dzekufambisa machira dzinodiwa pamidziyo yekicheni yemapuranga yakapendwa nelacquer kana varnish?

Midziyo yekicheni yemapuranga yakachekwa kana kuti yakapendwa inoda kuyedzwa kwekufambiswa kwepurasitiki pasi pehurongwa hweLFGB neFDA. MuEU, bvunzo yedu huru ndeyekuyedzwa kwekufambiswa kwepurasitiki kwakaitwa zvichienderana neEN 1186-1, iyo inoyera huwandu hwezvinhu zvinofamba kubva pakupfekedzwa kuenda kune zvinosanganisa chikafu (kazhinji mvura yakasanganiswa, 3% acetic acid, 10% ethanol, uye mafuta emuorivhi) pasi penguva yakatarwa nemamiriro ekunze uye tembiricha. Muganho wekufambiswa kwepurasitiki wese i10 mg/dm2. Pamusoro pezvo, kuyedzwa kwekufambiswa kwemidziyo chaiyo yezvinhu zvine chekuita nazvo, zvakaita seformaldehyde, heavy metals, uye primary aromatic amines, kunodiwa. Pasi peFDA 21 CFR 175.300, kupfekedzwa kwepurasitiki kunofanirwa kusangana nemiganhu yekubvisa mvura inosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwechikafu (chemvura, chine acid, chinwiwa chinwiwa, kana chine mafuta) uye mamiriro ekushandiswa anotarisirwa (tembiricha, nguva yekubata). Kune zvigadzirwa zvedu, tinoshandisa kupfekedzwa kwepurasitiki kwakagadzirwa zvakananga kuti kusangane nezvinodiwa zveLFGB neFDA, uye tinopa mishumo yekuyedzwa kubva kumarabhoritari akavimbika ebhechi rega rega rechigadzirwa.

Ndeapi magwaro ekutevedzera mitemo anofanira kukumbirwa nevanopinza zvinhu muEU kubva kune vanopa michina yekubikira yemapuranga vekuChina?

Vatengesi veEU vanofanirwa kukumbira gwaro rakazara kubva kuvatengesi vavo vekuChina vemidziyo yekicheni yemapuranga rinofukidza kuchengetedzeka kwezvinhu, kutevedzera mitemo, uye kutevedza ketani yekugovera. Magwaro akakosha anosanganisira: (1) Mapepa ekuchengetedza zvinhu zvezvinhu zvese zvinosanganisira huni, bambu, manamati, machira, uye kupedzisa; (2) Mishumo yebvunzo yeLFGB kubva kumarabhoritari akavimbika akadai seSGS, Intertek, kana Bureau Veritas, anosanganisira kutama kwese, kutama kweformaldehyde, uye kutama kwakanangana kwezvinhu zvakarambidzwa; (3) EU Declaration of Conformity (DoC) ichisimbisa kutevedzera Mutemo 1935/2004 uye chero matanho chaiwo anoshanda akadai seMutemo 10/2011 wezvinhu zvepurasitiki; (4) FSC Chain of Custody certification kana chigadzirwa chacho chakatengeswa sechinobva munzvimbo inochengetedza; (5) Mishumo yekuongorora yefekitori inosimbisa kutevedzera tsika dzakanaka dzekugadzira (GMP) sezvakatsanangurwa muMutemo 2023/2006; (6) Mapepa etsanangudzo yechigadzirwa ane zvinhu zvakatsanangurwa; uye (7) Mishumo yebvunzo yezvinhu zvakarambidzwa zvakaita sesimbi dzinorema, phthalates, uye azo dyes. Tinochengetedza magwaro akazara ezvigadzirwa zvedu zvese uye tinogona kupa aya kune vanopinza zvinhu kuEurope kana vakumbira.

Kuongororwa kwekutevedzera mitemo yemidziyo yekicheni yemapuranga kunofanira kuvandudzwa kangani?

Kuongororwa kwekutevedzera mitemo yemidziyo yekicheni yemapuranga kunofanirwa kuvandudzwa pese panoitika shanduko mukugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa chedu, kuumbwa kwezvinhu, maitiro ekugadzira, kana mutengesi wezvinhu zvakagadziriswa. Kunyangwe pasina shanduko, tinokurudzira kuvandudzwa kwegore negore kwekuyedzwa kwekutevedzera mitemo kuti titarise shanduko dzinogona kuitika mumhando yezvinhu zvakagadziriswa uye kuti zvirambe zviripo zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nemitemo. Kune zvigadzirwa zvinotumirwa kuEU, mutengesi ane mutoro wepamutemo wekuona kuti mitemo inoramba ichitevedzwa, uye vane masimba ekutarisa musika vanogona kukumbira mishumo yekuongorora yakagadziriswa chero nguva. MuUnited States, kunyangwe pasina chinodiwa chekuvandudza mutemo, FDA inotarisira kuti zvinhu zvekubatana nechikafu zvirambe zvichisangana nezvinodiwa muhupenyu hwavo hwese hwemusika. Tinochengetedza purogiramu yekuyedza zvigadzirwa zvedu zvese inosanganisira kuvandudzwa kwegore negore kwemishumo mikuru yekuongorora, nekumwe kuyedza kunokonzerwa nekuchinja chero kupi mucheni yedu yekugovera kana maitiro ekugadzira. Iyi nzira yekugadzirira inoita kuti vanopinza vedu vagare vaine magwaro epamutemo ekutevedzera mitemo aripo.

Zvigadzirwa zvembatya zvine certification yeFSC zvinogona here kurerutsa maitiro ekutevedzera mitemo yeLFGB kana FDA?

Chitupa cheFSC hachirerutsi zvakananga maitiro ekutevedzera LFGB kana FDA, sezvo zvitupa izvi zvichitarisa zvakasiyana-siyana zvechigadzirwa. Chitupa cheFSC (Forest Stewardship Council) chinosimbisa kuti huni kana kuti zvinhu zvebamboo zvinobva mumasango anotarisirwa zvine mutoro uye kuti cheni yekuchengeta inochengetwa muketani yese yekugovera. Kutevedzera LFGB neFDA, kune rumwe rutivi, kunotarisa kuchengetedzeka kwechikafu uye hunhu hwekufambisa kwemakemikari echigadzirwa chakapedzwa. Zvisinei, chitupa cheFSC chinogona kutsigira nenzira isina kunanga maitiro ekutevedzera nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Chekutanga, vatengesi vane chitupa cheFSC vanowanzova nemaitiro ari nani ekunyora uye cheni dzekutengesa dzakajeka, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kutsvaga kwakabva zvinhu uye kuwana data rezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa rinodiwa pakuongororwa kwekubatana kwechikafu. Chechipiri, maitiro ekuongorora eFSC anowanzoenderana nezvinodiwa zvehurongwa hwekutarisira mhando, izvo zvinogona kutsigira maitiro akanaka ekugadzira anodiwa pasi peEU Regulation 2023/2006. Chechitatu, chitupa cheFSC chinowedzera kukosha kwemusika, kunyanya mumigwagwa yekutengesa yeEurope uko zvitupa zvekuchengetedza zvinopesvedzera zvakanyanya sarudzo dzekutenga. Chitupa chedu cheFSC, pamwe chete nekuyedzwa kwedu kwekubatana kwechikafu, chinopa vanotenga kunze kwenyika zvitupa zvekuchengetedza uye zvekuchengetedza.

Cherechedza: Zvigadzirwa zvedu zveYAWEN zvinogadzirwa munzvimbo yedu ine chitupa. Tinoedza zvigadzirwa zvedu zvese tichienzanisa nezvinodiwa neLFGB neFDA. Tinopa magwaro edu akazara ekutevedzera mitemo kune vanotenga kunze kwenyika. Bata timu yedu kuti uwane zvaunoda kuti zvitevedzerwe.

Ray Zhang

Export Manager kuNingbo Yawen International Trading Co., Ltd.

Ane ruzivo rwemakore anopfuura gumi nemashanu muindasitiri yekutumira zvinhu mukicheni, Ray anotarisira zvirongwa zveYAWEN zvekutevedzera mitemo uye zvitupa zvemisika muEurope yese, United States, Japan, neAustralia. Anoshanda pamwe chete nemarabhoritari ekuyedza ane mvumo yekuona kuti zvigadzirwa zvese zveYAWEN zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza chikafu chevatengi vedu vepasi rose. Ray ane dhigirii muInternational Trade kubva kuNingbo University uye akapedza kudzidziswa kwakakosha mumitemo yekubata chikafu.

Bata Ray Fomu Rekubvunza

Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-21-2026